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GAO recommends automatic increases in FMAP

Posted on November 10, 2011 | No Comments

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A recent Government Accountability Office (GAO) report introduces a prototype formula to provide states with temporary Medicaid assistance during national economic downturn. Once a threshold number of states–26 in the GAO formula–demonstrate a sustained decrease in their employment-to-population ratio, temporary increases to the Federal Medical Assistance Percentage (FMAP) will be automatically triggered under the GAO plan. This assistance will end when fewer than the threshold number of states show a decline in the ratio. Targeted state assistance would be calculated based on 1) increases in unemployment, as a proxy for changes in Medicaid enrollment; and 2) reductions in total wages and salaries, as a proxy for changes in states’ revenues. Such assistance would facilitate state budget planning, provide states with greater fiscal stability, and better align federal assistance with the magnitude of the economic downturn’s effect on individual states.

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Medicaid provides health insurance to the poorest and most medically vulnerable populations. Low-income pregnant women, children, and very poor parents of minor children are the majority of beneficiaries; Medicaid also provides coverage for children and adults with severe disabilities, as well as “wrap-around” coverage for low-income Medicare beneficiaries who cannot pay for services and cost-sharing that Medicare does not cover, particularly institutional and home- and community-based long-term care. Medicaid is jointly funded by states and the federal government and administered by states under broad federal standards.
In recessionary times, states seek to reduce Medicaid spending; paradoxically, this is when the need for public insurance may be the highest. During the recession that occurred in the early 2000s, two-thirds of all states reduced Medicaid eligibility, removing between 1.2 and 1.6 million children and adults from the program before Congress enacted legislation barring further cuts as a condition of additional federal assistance. The current recession is far more serious, and state budget shortfalls, far greater.
This brief provides an in-depth look at the outreach and enrollment provisions in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act affecting Medicaid and CHIP.
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